I’ve had some requests come in recently via my YouTube channel to make a tutorial explaining the idea of Low End Theory – a technique that many sampled-based Hip Hop producers use to create their bass lines and one that’s been around since the birth of Hip Hop in the early 80s.

Download TCustomz Hip Hop BASS SAMPLE PACK >>

I used this technique in a lot of my earlier production – But I don’t use it as much in my more recent beats, and later I’ll discuss some pros and cons to using it.

What is Low End Theory?

The idea with Low End Theory is to extract the original bassline from the sample that you’re using, and then “tweak” it in such a way that it is more prominent in your beat.  That way if you’re aren’t skilled at creating your own bass, this will allow you to “beef up” your low end without actually having to compose a bass line.

What Do I Need to Apply Low End Theory?

1. Low-Pass Filter (LPF) or Multiband EQ
2. Basic Compressor (optional, only if needed)

Steps to Apply Low End Theory (as discussed in the video above)

1. Duplicate your sample track.
2. Apply a LPF or EQ to filter out the higher frequencies so you are left with the bass only.  (Note: Unlike a filter, a multiband EQ will also enable you to emphasize certain lower frequencies if needed)
3. Rename the track to something like “Bass” or “LPF” to let you know it is the filtered/EQed track.
4. Apply basic compression if the bass line has varied volumes. The compressor will “smash” down or “compress” the bass to give you a more uniform sound.
5. Lastly, apply a high-pass filter (HPF) to the original sample track.  This will remove the low frequencies from the main sample, and now all of the bass is in your newly-filtered track!  Since your low end is now contained in a separate track, you can do any additional processing (if necessary) to the bass itself without affecting the original sample (adjust volume, distortion, etc).

Keep in mind…

There’s no exact science to applying this technique.  Depending on the sample you are using and the bass that’s included in it, you can be somewhat limited.

Pros to using Low End Theory

• It’s a relatively easy and straight forward technique to apply.  I recommend trying some of the basic steps discussed above and experimenting with the overall processing on a trial and error basis.

Cons to using Low End Theory

• It can sometimes “muddy” up the mid to low frequencies – and it may be difficult to get the clarity you are wanting for your overall mix.
• You are limited to whatever bass line is being used in the original sample.  This is why I highly recommend you learn how to compose your own bass lines.

In Summary

All in all, this is pretty much the concept behind Low End Theory –  extracting the bassline from your sample, and then tweaking it to your liking.  Hopefully this offers some insight.

 If you have any questions or have your own bass line tips to share, feel free to drop a COMMENT below.